Ituri is a province in the north-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It shares a border with Uganda and it’s an area where dozens of armed groups have been operating for many years. Unarmed civilians have been subjected to horrifying massacres and the cycle of conflicts has resulted in the deaths of thousands of people and massive displacement of people within and outside the country as people have tried to flee the violence.
The situation has led to growing fear and hatred between the local communities of Bira, Lendu, Ngiti and Hema people because of killings and looting.
And this hatred is passed down from generation to generation as parents teach their children that neighbours are their enemies because they belong to different tribes.
All of this makes peacebuilding central to every piece of work that Tearfund and our local partner, Action Entraide, do in the region.
Convinced that the community itself needs to be the source of any lasting solution to stop the violence and promote peace, Action Entraide (supported by Tearfund) implemented a year-long project in seven local villages in this region to engage youth and faith leaders in peacebuilding conversations with the goal of finding solutions to conflicts and bringing about peace.
Community Conflict Transformation Dialogues
The project was based on Tearfund’s Community Conflict Transformation Dialogues and included training 20 peace champions to lead their community in dialogues on conflict transformation, which took place across ten locations.
The young people were chosen to become agents of change and peace, because often it is they who are the main perpetrators and victims of violent conflicts in their communities.
And the project has been a heartwarming and deeply encouraging success.
Kalongo Rwabikanga, from our partner Action Entraide, told us his own story to help explain some of the background.
Violent conflict in Ituri
The violent inter-ethnic conflict started in the region in 1989. By 2003, the groups of armed men were tired of the war, having spent a lot of time in the bush. They had run out of basic resources so various groups of them agreed a ceasefire and people started returning to the towns. But the poverty was terrible, with burned houses and no food because people hadn’t been able to farm their land or work. Kalongo himself had left his village to study in Kenya in 1999 and while he was away, 13 of his family members were killed.
When he returned in 2005, Kalongo found the situation extremely difficult. Conflict keeps people trapped in cycles of poverty so he decided to start a farming cooperative in three communities – Hema, Lendu and Ngiti – to help people improve their living conditions and to try to get people to live together peacefully. He explains, ‘We could not ignore peacebuilding because to travel from the Hema community to access Bunia [the main town], people have to pass by the Lendu community, and to travel from Ngiti community and reach Bunia people have to pass by the Hema and Lendu community. This is to say that it is impossible to live without peace in this region because communities with different tribes/ethnic groups live close by.’
Finding a solution for peace
People from Kalongo’s own community warned him that he would be killed. They asked him, ‘What are you going to do there? People from those communities have killed members of your family.’
But he didn’t give up. Kalongo returned to Kenya and asked friends there to help him pay to set up some agricultural activities. He managed to get some more money from another organisation that had funds for survivors of ethnic conflicts.
And in 2009, Kalongo and his friends created Action Entraide.
Action Entraide started to partner with the Food and Agriculture Organisation, which provided them with money for cassava cuttings. However, they had to go to a neighbouring community to buy them. ‘That was a big challenge,’ Kalongo explains, ‘because my community was in a conflict with that community. How could we buy cassava cuttings while people from that community could not even pass safely through our community to go to town?’
But, since Kalongo had started to build connections with people from that community and had not been involved in any violence in the past, gradually they accepted him.
‘Action Entraide started organising peace dialogues with the Lendu community,’ says Kalongo. ‘Even though one of the community members participated in killing people in my village, now we are friends. People from different tribes have no other choice than to live together.’